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A  Bkief  Statement    ok   the    Origin,   Progress, 

AND  Differentiating    Doctrines   of   the 

CuMBERi<AND  Presbyterian  Church. 


J.  M.  HOWARD,  D.D. 


Designed  for  General    Distribution,  and  especial!)'  for  the   use  of 
the  Christian   Endeavor  Societies  of  the  Denomination. 


NA8HV1LI.E,  TENN.  : 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Publisiiing  House, 


Copyrighted,  1892,  by   the 

Board  of  Publication  of  the  Cumbt^rland  Presbyterian 

Church. 


A   BRIEF   ANSWER 

TO  " 

The  Questions,  Why  and  When  did  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  Church  Originate, 
And   What  are    its   Distinctiye   Beliefs  ? 


The  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  though  its  first 
Presbytery  was  not  organized  until  1810,  had'its  origin  in 
the  revival  of  1800.  Th'is  revival  began  in  1797  in  Logan 
county,  Ky.,  under  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  James  Mc- 
Oready  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  About  1796,  in 
western  Pennsylvania,  while  a  theological  student,  Mc- 
Oready  was  awakened  to  see  that  though  he  was  pre- 
paring to  preach  to  others,  he  was  himself  an  unsaved 
sinner.  He  sought  and  found  pardon  and  life  in  Christ. 
This  experience  led  him  to  make  the  new  birth  a 
principal  theme  of  his  preaching,  and  to  labor  to 
arouse  the  unconverted  within  the  Church  as  well  as 
on  the  outside. 

In  1 796  he  moved  to  Kentucky  from  North  Carolina, 
taking  charge  of  three  country  congregations,  Gasper 
River,  Red  River,  and  Muddy  River.  The  region  was 
known  as  the  Cumberland  country,  which  embraced  that 
part  of  the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Kentucky  lying  be- 
tween Green  River  on  the  north  and  the  Tennessee 
Ridge  on  the  soutli,  and  reaching  the  Tennessee  River  on 
the  west.  The  scattered  pioneers  were  immersed  in  the 
absorbing  worldly  pursuits  of  the  backwoods,  felling  for- 
ests and  opening  farms.     Spiritual  life  was  at  the  lowets 


4  HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION. 

ebb.  Scoffing  and  worldliness  prevailed,  and  the  Church 
lacked  the  spiritual  power  to  resist  these  downward  in- 
fluences. .Much  of  tlie  preaching  in  the  Presbyterian 
pulpits  was  a  lifeless  discussion  of  the  decrees  of  God. 
Many  Church  members  and  even  some  ministers  were 
destitute  of  vital  piet}-. 

Amid  sufh  surroundings  McGready  Ijegan  his  minis- 
try. He  wrote  out  a  prayer  covenant  in  which  a  few 
members  of  his  congregations  joined  him.  It  was  in 
these  words  :  "  We  bind  ourselves  to  observe  the  third 
Saturday  in  each  month,  for  one*  year,  as  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer  for  the  conversion  of  sinners  in  Logan  county 
and  throughout  the  world.  We  engage  to  spend  one 
half  hour  every  Saturday  evening,  beginning  at  the  set- 
ting of  the  sun  and  one  half  hour  every  Sabbath  morn- 
ing at  the  rising  of  the  sun,  in  pleading  with  God  to 
revive  his  work."  The  first  signs  of  revival  were  seen 
in  the  Gasper  River  Church,  May,  1797.  The  interest 
spread  until  tlie  whole  congregation  and  neighboring 
congregations  were  awakened,  and  continued  to  extend 
in  ever-widening  circles.  Camp  meetings,  wdiich  grew 
to  be  so  important  a  factor  in  evangelizing  the  scattered 
settlers,  had  their  origin  in  connection  with  this  work. 
The  first  one  was  held  at  Gasper  River  in  July,  1800. 
From  it  the  revival  influence  spread  far  and  wide 
throughout  the  Cumberland  country. 

But  even  Church  members  and  ministers  opposed  the 
work.  Rev.  James  Balch,  a  member  of  McGready 's 
Presbytery  (Transylvania),  visited  Gasper  River  to  put  a 
stop  to  what  he  and  others  regarded  the  disorderly  and 
fanatical  proceedings.  He  denounced  McGready's  teach- 
ings, especially  the  doct-rine  of  "  experimental  religion." 


HISTOKICAL    INTRODUCTION.  O 

Tlius  there  grew  up  an  anti-revival  party,  and  the  con- 
troversy thus  engendered  continued  until  the  revival 
party  was  driven  from  the  Presbyterian  Church  and 
forced  to  organize  an  independent  Presbytery,  which 
ultimately  grew  into  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church, 

One  cause  of  opposition  was  the  method  adopted  in 
providing  missionary  pastors  for  the  multiplying  congre- 
gations. By  the  advice  of  an  aged  minister  in  Transyl- 
vania Presbytery,  Rev.  David  Rice,  men  of  piety  and 
talent,  though  they  had  not  attained  to  the  required 
standard  of  literary  qualification,  were  licensed  as 
exhorters  and  placed  on  "  circuits."  This  was  opposed 
as  irregular.  The  doctrines  taught  by  the  revivalists 
were  a  deep'er  cause  of  opposition.  Exhortations  urging 
sinners  to  accept  salvation  freeh"  offered  to  all  were 
looked  upon  as  an  imi^lied  denial  of  the  eternal  decrees. 
Moreover,  the  men  licensed  and  afterward  ordained  were 
permitted  to  adopt  the  AVestminster  Confession  with  the 
exception  of  "the  idea  of  fatality."  By  fatality  they 
meant  the  doctrine  that  only  an  elect  number  have  any 
share  in  the  benefits  of  the  atonement.  They  could  not 
believe  or  teach  that  God  from  all  eternitj''  foreordained 
a  certain  number  of  men  and  angels  unto  eternal  life 
and  foredoomed  a  nundDer  equally  definite  and  unchange- 
able unto  eternal  death.  This  departure  from  the  West- 
minster teaching  was  considered  positive  heresy  and 
proved  the  one  irreconcilable  difference  between  the  two 
parties. 

In  October,  1802,  Alexander  Anderson,  Finis  Ewing, 
and  Samuel  King,  who,  though  lacking  classical  educa- 
tion,  were   men   of   approved   talents  and   piety,  were 


6  HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION. 

licensed  by  Transylvania  Presbytery  to  catechise  and 
exhort.  Kentucky  Synod  soon  after  divided  that  Pres- 
bytery, and  the  southern  portion,  embracing  the  Cum- 
berland country,  was  named  Cumberland  Presbytery. 
Five  of  the  ten  ministers  composing  this  new  Presbytery 
were  the  friends  of  the  revival  and  tive  its  bitter  opposers. 
The  names  of  the  former  were  James  McGready,  William 
Hodge,  William  McGee,  John  Rankin,  and  Samuel  Mc- 
Adow. .  By  the  addition  of  James  Hawe  the  revival  party 
soon  after  acquired  a  majority  of  one.  The  ordination 
of  Anderson,  Ewing,  and  King  followed,  increasing  the 
majority  and  making  Cumberland  Presbytery  the  eccle- 
siastical representative  and  instrument  of  the  revival. 
The  revival  ministers  came  to  be  designated  first  as  "the 
majority  of  Cumberland  Presbytery,"  then  "  the  Cum- 
berland party,"  and  finally  "  the  Cumberlands."  In  this 
way  the  name  of  the  new  denomination  had  its  origin. 

In  October,  1804,  the  minority  of  the  Presbytery,  led 
by  Rev.  Thos.  Craighead,  carried  their  fight  into  the  Ken- 
tucky Synod,  charging  the  majority  witli  ecclesiastical 
irregularity  and  doctrinal  unsoundness.  The  Synod 
cited  both  parties  to  appear  before  it  at  its^next  meeting, 
and  also  appointed  a  committee  "to  attend  the  earliest 
meeting  of  Cumberland  Presbytery  and  inquire  into  the 
case  and  report  to  the  Synod."  Xone  of  the  revival 
ministers  obeyed  the  citation.  They  denied  the  Synod's 
right  to  arraign  presbyters  before  its  bar  or  to  interfere 
with  a  Presbytery's  prerogative  in  licensing  and  ordain- 
ing ministers. 

At  the  Synod's  meeting  in  October,  1805,  a  commission 
composed  of  nine  ministers  and  six  elders  "clothed  with 
full  synodical  powers"  was  appointed  "to  confer  with 


HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION.  / 

the  members  of  Cumljerland  Presbytery,  and  adjudicate 
upon  the  presbyterial  proceedings."  Every  member  of 
this  commission  was  a  known  enemy  of  the  revival  and 
the  "  Cumberland "  party.  It  met  at  Gasper  'River 
meeting  house  December  3,  1805.  All  the  members  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbytery  with  the  candidates  and 
hcentiates  were  present.  The  commission  adopted  a 
paper  solemnly  condemning  the  Presbytery  for  licensing 
young'  men  to  preach  and  ordaining  some  who  ''  were 
required  to  adopt  the  Confession  of  Faith  and  Discipline 
of  the  Church  no  farther  than  they  believed  it  to  be 
agreeable  to  the  word  of  God,"  and  it  was  resolved  to 
proceed  then  and  there  to  examine  these  young  men 
and  "judge  of  their  qualifications  for  the  gospel  minis- 
try." First  the  members  of  the  Presbytery  and  after- 
ward the  young  men  refused  to  submit  to  this  resolution^ 
averring  that  the  Presbytery  had  the  exclusive  right  to 
examine  and  license  candidates,  and  was  competent  to 
judge  of  their  faith  and  ability,  and  that  the  Synod  had 
no  right  to  take  them  out  of  its  hands.  The  commis- 
sion then  rendered  its  verdict,  declaring  that  the  young 
men  never  had  regular  authority  to  preach  the  gospel, 
and  solemnly  prohibiting  them  from  exhorting,  jireach- 
ing,  or  administering  the  ordinances.  The  older  minis- 
ters of  the  revival  party  were  cited  to  trial  before  the 
Synod  at  its  next  meeting,  October,  1806. 

Had  this  verdict  been  obe\'ed  it  would  have  put  au 
end  to  the  revival  by  silencing  the  most  effective  revival 
preachers  But  the  members  of  the  Presbytery  resolved 
to  continue  preaching  as  l)efore,  and  to  encourage  the 
young  men  to  persevere  in  their  work,  disregarding  what 
they  believed  an  illegal  prohibition.     To  secure  united 


8  HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION. 

action  in  the  work  and  in  efforts  to  obtain  redress,  a 
Council  was  formed  made  up  of  the  ministers  friendly  to 
the  revival  and  elders  representing  congregations.  This 
Council  held  regular  meetings,  but  refrained  from  the 
exercise  of  any  presbyterial  functions.  Under  its  direc- 
tion the  revival  work  was  extended  into  distant  neigh- 
borhoods and  missionary  evangelists  were  sent  to  Ala- 
bama and  elsewhere. 

William  Hoflge  and  John  Rankin  attended  the  meet- 
ing of  Kentucky  Synod,  October,  1806,  to  plead  for  some 
relief  from-the  commission's  action,  but  the  Synod  pro- 
ceeded solemnly  to  suspend  them  both  from  the  ministry. 
At  the  same  meeting  Cumberland  Presbytery  was  for- 
mally dissolved  and  the  parties  and  their  complaints 
remanded  to  Transylvania  Presbytery. 

In  1807  and  again  in  1808  the  members  of  the  Council 
sent  earnest  petitions  to  the  General  Assembly  imploring 
relief  and  the  restoration  of  their  presbyterial  rights. 
But  the  Assembly  declined  to  act  because  the  matter  had 
not  come  up  by  regular  appeal.  In  1808  a  semi-official 
letter  prepared  by  order  of  the  Assembly  was  sent  to  the 
Council  pronouncing  the  action  of  the  commission  un- 
constitutional, and  stating  that  the  relief  asked  for  could 
have  been  granted  had  the  Synod's  minutes  been  before 
the  Assembly.  An  effort  was  next  made  by  the 
Council  to  secure  reconciliation  through  Transylvania 
Presbytery,  but  that  body  decided  that  no  exception 
concerning  "  fatality"  would  be  allowed  in  adopting  the 
Westminster  Confession.  The  revival  ministers  were 
thus  given  their  choice,  to  promise  allegiance  to  what 
seemed  to  them  false  doctrine  or  be  shut  out  from  their 
rights  as  Presbyterian  ministers.  They  chose  the  latter 
alternative. 


HISHJKIC'AL    INTKODLCTIOX.  9 

In  1800  they  again  appealed  to  the  General  Asseniljly 
for  relief,  but  that  body  now  voted  unanimously  to  deny 
their  petition  and  to  sustain  the  action  of  the  commis- 
sion and  Kentucky  Synod.  This  decision  is  now,  more 
than  eighty  years  after  the  event,  almost  universally 
admitted  by  Presbyterian  ministers  to  be  contrary  to 
Presbyterian  law  and  usage.  After  this  one  more  appeal 
was  made  to  the  Synod,  but  this  effort  also  failed, 
tiiOugh  the  members  of  the  Couucil  offered  to  yield 
everything  that  did  not  involve  the  abandoning  the  work 
of  the  revival  and  the  adoption  of  the  "  fatality"  feature 
of  the  creed. 

At  its  meeting  October  4,  1809,  the  Council  voted  to 
organize  an  independent  Presbytery,  but  at  this  junc- 
ture three-  of  the  ordained  ministers,  AVilliam  Hodge, 
Samuel  Plodge,  and  Thomas  Xelson  withdrew,  having 
made  terms  with  Transylvania  Presbyter\'  by  consenting 
to  adopt  the  Westminster  Confession  without  reservation. 
This  left  but  three  ordained  ministers,  William  McGee, 
Finis  Ewing,  and  Samuel  King,  present  in  the  Council. 
INIcGee  was  unwilling  to  go  forward  with  the  organiza- 
tion; so,  lacking  the  constitutional  number  to  form  a 
Presbytery,  the  Council  adjourned  without  taking  the 
desired  action. 

February  8,  1810,  Finis  Ewing  and  Samuel  King, 
accompanied  by  Ephraim  McLean,  a  licentiate,  repaired 
to  the  home  of  Sanuiel  McAdow  in  Dickson  county, 
Tenn.,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  new  and  independent 
Presbytery.  INIcAdow  spent  the  whole  night  in  prayer, 
and  in  the  morning  of  February  4  with  face  aglow 
announced  his  readiness  to  join  in  the  orgauizati(m.  So 
Cumberland    Presbvterv    was    solemnlv    constituted    or 


10  HISTOKKAL    INTllODLCTION. 

reorganized.  Its  first  act  was  to  ordain  Epliraim  ]Mc- 
Lean.  It  met  again  the  next  month,  at  wliich  time  sev- 
eral congiTgations  were  represented  and  six  Heensed 
preachers  and  seven  canchdates  were  received  under  its 
care.  At  a  meeting  in  the  autumn  Wilham  McGee 
became  a  member. 

Three  ami  a  half  years  after  its  organization  the  Pres- 
bytery had  so  increased  in  extent  and  numbers  as  to 
make  its  division  into  three  Presbyteries  and  the  forma- 
tion of  a  Synod  necessary.  The  Synod,  which  took  the 
name  Cumberland  Synod,  at  its  first  meeting  appointed 
a  committee  consisting  of  Finis  Ewing,  AVilliam  McGee, 
Robert  Donnell,  and  Thomas  Calhoun  to  prepare  a  Con- 
fession of  Faith.  In  the  form  of  words  adopted  when 
Cumberland  Presbytery  was  organized  three  years  befoiv 
was  this  provision  concerning  the  creed  of  the  new 
organization:  "All  licentiates  and  probationers  who 
may  hereafter  be  ordained  by  this  Presbytery  shall  l)e 
required  before  such  licensure  or  ordination  to  receive 
and  adopt  the  Confession  and  Discipline  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  except  the  idea  of  fatality  which  seems 
to  be  taught  Under  the  mysterious  doctrine  of  predesti- 
nation. It  is  understood,  however,  that  such  as  can 
clearly  receive  the  Confession  without  an  exception  shall 
not  be  required  to  make  any."  In  forming  the  Synod 
the  following  points  of  dissent  from  the  Westminster 
Confession  were  made: 

1.  There  are  no  eternal  reprobates. 

2.  Christ  died  not  for  a  part  only,  but  for  all  mankind, 
o.  All   infants   dying   in   infancy   are   saved   through 

Christ  and  the  sanctification  of  the  Spirit. 

4.  The  Spirit  of  God  operates  on  the  world,  or  as  coex- 


llJSTOJilCAL    IXTKODICTION,  11 

tensively  as  Christ  has  made  the  atonement,  in  such  a 
manner  an  to  leave  all  men  inexcusable. 

The  committee  appointed  by  the  Synod  to  prepare  a 
creed  siihply  moditied  the  Westminster  Confession, 
expunging  what  they  believed  unscriptural  and  sui)ply- 
ing  what  they  thought  omissions  of  vital  truth.  The 
])rin<'ipal  changes  were  in  chapters  III.  an<l  X.,  and  con- 
sisted in  the  omission  or  modification  of  the  statements 
concerning  the  decrees  of  God,  unconditional  election 
and  reprobation,  a  limited  atonement,  and  cognate  doc- 
trines. The  Presbyterian  polity  and  the  evangelical 
Presbyterian  doctrines  were  retained.  This  revised  Con- 
fessi(m  of  Faith  was  adopted  October  14,  1814,  and  con- 
tinued to  be  the  creed  of  tiie  Church  until  1883,  when 
tlie  Confession  presented  in  this  volume  was  adopted.  It 
retains  the  same  essential  doctrines  enunciated  in  tlie 
revision  of  1814,  though  in  somewhat  briefer  form  and 
with  a  more  logical  arrangement. 

In  the  matter  of  mmisterial  education,  while  classical 
training  is  not  made  an  essential  requirement,  a  liberal 
course  in  the  English  branch^-s  and  in  theology  is  required. 
The  founders  of  the  Cumberland  Presbytei-ian  Church 
shrank  from  adopting  a  standard  that  would  have  excluded 
every  one  of  the  twelve  apostles  from  the  ministry. 
They  believed  that  some  who  are  converted  late  in  life 
are  called  to  preach,  and  that  the  strict  Presbyterian  rule 
would  prevent  these  from  obeying  God's  call.  They  held 
that  some  who  never  enjoyed  the  highest  scholastic 
training  become  eminently  useful  in  the  ministry.  They 
deemed  it  right,  ratlier  than  to  allow  wide  districts  to 
remain  entirely  destitute  of  the  gospel,  to  send  forth 
sound  teachers  who  loved  souls  and  knew  the  wav  of  sal- 


12  HISTORICAL    IXTROnrCIION. 

Viitiun,  even  though  they  did  not  know  Hebrew  and 
Greek. 

But  these  fathers  labored  to  secure  for  ministerial  can- 
didates the  most  thorough  preparation  possible.  Schools 
and  academies  w^ere  established  wherever  the  pioneer 
missionaries  planted  Churches  and  formed  Presbyteries. 
In  1826  Cumberland  College,  an  institution  for  the  whole 
denomination,  was  opened  at  Princeton,  Ky.  In  1842 
this  central  school  was  removed  to  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  and 
named  Cumberland  University.  The  Church's  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  is  located  here.  Among  other  principal 
schools  of  the  denomination  are  Waynesburg  College, 
Pennsylvania ;  Lincoln  University,  Illinois ;  Trinity  Uni- 
versity, Texas;  Missouri  Valley  College,  Missouri,  and 
Arkansas  Cumberland  College,  Arkansas. 

The  spirit  and  power  of  the  revival  were  perpetuated  in 
the  new  Church.  By  1820  the  work  had  extended  to 
^Missouri,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Arkansas,  and  ^Mississippi; 
and  in  the  years  wdiich  followed  Churches  grew  up  in 
every  State  and  Territory  in  the  wide  domain  stretching 
from  Texas  to  Pennsylvania,  and  the  missionaries  of  the 
new  denomination  followed  the  tide  of  emigration  west- 
ward to  the  Pacific. 

In  1829  a  General  Asseml^ly  was  formed  with  four 
Synods  and  eighteen  presbyteries.  In  1834  10,088  con- 
versions were  reported.  In  1835  the  numerical  strength 
of  the  Church  was  estimated  as  follows:  Synods,  ^>; 
Presbyteries,  35;  ordained  ministers,  300;  licensed 
preachers,  100;  candidates,  75;  communicants,  50,000. 
The  latest  statistics  (1892)  place  the  number  of  communi- 
cants at  171,009.  There  w'ere  then.  2,916  congregations, 
1,670    ministers,   270    licentiates,    and    264    candidates. 


IIISTOUK  \L    INTKOlHrriON.  13 

During  the  year  -ending  May,  1892,  there  were  14,862 
additions,  and  tlie  total  contributions  were  $794,576.  The 
total  value  of  Church  property  was  estimated  to  be 
$3,641,621. 

Through Presbyterial  Missionary  Societies  thisChurcii 
began  to  send  missionaries  to  the  Indians  in 
1819.  Through  its  board  now  located  in  St.  Louis,  :\ro., 
missions  have  been  established  in  Japan  and  Mexico 
as  well  as  among  the  Indians  and  in  numerous  towns  and 
cities  in  our  own  country.  From  a  new  Publishing 
House  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  the  Board  of  Publication  issues 
books,  Sunday  school  papers,  lesson'  helps,  and  other 
periodicals,  including  the  Cumberland  Preshyierkin  Review 
and  the  central  weekly  organ  of  the  Church.  Ike  Cum- 
herland  Presbyterian.  AVeekly  papers  owned  and  con- 
ducted by  individuals  are  published  in  the  interest  of  the 
Church  at  other  points. 

The  Board  of  Education,  located  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
and  the  Board  of  ^linisterial  Relief,  located  at  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.,  are  doing  good  work  in  their  respective  de- 
partments, the  former  in  aiding  young  men  who  are  pur- 
suing their  studies  preparatory  to  entering  the  ministry, 
and  the  latter  in  providing  for  the  wants  of  aged  and  dis- 
abled ministers  and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  deceased 
ministers. 

In  1880  a  Woman's  Board  of  ^Missions  was  organized. 
It  has  sent  missionaries  to  Japan  and  Mexico  and  con- 
tril)uted  largely  to  the  Avork  among  the  Indians. 

This  Ciiurch  remained  undivided  during  the  civil  war. 
Before  the  war  there  were  20,000  colored  Cumberland 
Presbyterians.  In  1869  the  colored  members  asked  and 
received  permission  to  be  organized  into  a  separate  Afri- 


14  HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION. 

can  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  This  Church  lias 
its  own  General  Asseuibly  and  in  1892  reported  about 
15,000  communicants  and  200  ordained  ministers. 

The  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  has  from  the 
first  grown  by  making  converts  rather  than  by  making 
proselytes.  It  has  grown  through  the  efforts  of  mission- 
aries to  win  souls  outside  of  all  Church  lines.  It  has 
ever  been  a  helper  of  other  Churches.  Thousands  of 
converts  won  by  its  revival  preachers  have  joined  other 
communions.  Its  influence  in  cultivating  interdenomi- 
national fraternity  and  softening  doctrinal  asperities  has 
been  most  salutary.  The  denomination  seems  to  be 
entering  upon  a  new  era  of  activity  and  to  have  before 
it  a  growing  mission  of  usefulness. 


Christian  Endeavor  Books. 


A  Decade  of  Christian  Endeavor. 

By    Dwight    M.    Pratt.     Cloth,    177    pp.      :?;i.oo. 

Endeavor  Doin's  Down  to  the  Corners. 

B\-    Rev.   J.    F.    Cowan.     3S7    pp.    cloth.     I1.50. 

The  Hossback  Correspondence. 

By  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.D.,  President 
National  V.  P.  S.  C.  E.,  cloth.     194  pp.     fi.oo. 

Aids  to  Endeavor. 

By  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.D.  Cloth,  200 
pages.     Price  75  cents. 

Danger  Signals. 

By  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.D.  Cloth,  192 
pages.     Price  75  cents. 

Some  Christian  Endeavor  Saints. 

By  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.D.  Beautifnlly 
bound  in  steel  gray  clo'.h.  silver  letters  and 
border.     247  pages.     Price  fr.oo. 

Ways  and  Means. 

By  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.D.  340  pages. 
Best  cloth  binding,     fi.25. 


Send  for  Special  Circular  on    C.    E.    Reading   Course. 


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